Computer Kya Hai | What Is Computer In Hindi? 2023

1. Computer Kya Hai?

Computer ek electronic device hai. iska matalb ki computer ek machine hai jo programming language se bani hai jo ki information/Data ko store karta hai, process aur manipulate karne ke liye design kiya gaya hai. Ye machine kisi bhi tarah ke numerical, textual, graphical aur audio-visual data ko receive, store, process aur output kar sakti hai.

Computer ka full form "Common Operating Machine Purposely Used for Technological and Educational Research" hai. Yeh ek aisa device hai jo bahut sare tasks ko aasani se kar sakta hai aur hamare jeevan ko bahut sahuliyat pradan karta hai. Aaj kal computer bahut sare kaam ke liye upyog kiya jata hai jaise ki accounting, communication, entertainment, education, research aur bahut kuch.

Computer ke bahut sare components hote hain jaise ki CPU, RAM, Hard Disk, Graphics Card, Keyboard, Mouse, Monitor, Printer, aur bahut kuch. Ye sabhi components milkar computer ka ek poora system banate hain jo hamein bahut sare tasks karne me madad karta hai.

Aaj kal, computer ka upyog bahut sare industries me hota hai jaise ki Information Technology, Banking, Healthcare, Education, Media, Entertainment aur bahut kuch. Ye ek bahut important tool hai jo hamein apne daily life ke tasks ko aasan bana deta hai aur hamare jeevan ko bahut sahuliyat pradan karta hai.

2. Computer Ki Visheshatayai

Computer ke kuch vishestaye (features) niche diye gaye hai:

High-speed processing: Computers have the ability to process information at a very high speed. They can perform complex calculations and tasks quickly and efficiently.

Storage: Computers mein bahut saare data aur information ko store karne ki capacity hoti hai. Ye information ko aasani se access karne aur use karne ki suvidha pradaan karte hain.

Versatility: Computers bahut sare tasks ko karne ke liye versatile hote hain. Ye text, graphics, audio, aur video ko handle kar sakte hain aur bahut sare software aur applications ke saath compatible bhi hote hain.

Connectivity: Computers ke saath internet connectivity hoti hai jo worldwide communication aur information sharing ko possible banati hai. Ye bahut sare devices aur network ke saath bhi connect ho sakte hain.

Automation: Computers ke use se kai tasks ko automate kiya ja sakta hai jaise ki repetitive tasks ko. Isse human error kam hota hai aur productivity increase hoti hai.

Multitasking: Computers ek saath bahut sare tasks ko perform kar sakte hain. Isse time aur effort dono ki bachat hoti hai.

Accuracy: Computers bahut hi accurate hote hain aur unki calculations aur tasks mein bahut kam chances hote hain ki koi mistake ho jaye.

Scalability: Computers ko upgrade aur expand kiya ja sakta hai jaise ki RAM, hard disk, graphics card, etc. Isse computer ke performance aur storage capacity ko badhaya ja sakta hai.

Portability: Computers ke kuch versions, jaise ki laptops aur tablets, bahut portable hote hain. Ye aasani se carry kiye ja sakte hain aur kisi bhi jagah par use kiye ja sakte hain.

User-friendly interface: Computers ke modern operating systems aur applications ka interface bahut user-friendly hota hai. Ye navigation aur interaction ko bahut easy banate hain.

Security: Computers mein bahut sare security features hote hain jaise ki antivirus software, firewalls, encryption, etc. Ye information aur data ko secure rakhne mein help karte hain.

Multimedia support: Computers multimedia content jaise ki images, videos, music, games ko easily handle kar sakte hain aur bahut sare multimedia applications ke saath compatible hote hain.

In sab features ke saath, computers ek bahut versatile aur useful device ban gaye hain jo humare daily life mein bahut important role play karte hain.

3. Computer Kaam Kaise Karta Hai?

Computer kaam karna bahut complex process hai, lekin hum usko kuch steps mein samajh sakte hain:

Input: Sabse pehle, user computer ko input deta hai jaise ki keyboard, mouse, scanner, microphone, etc. Iske alawa, kuch programs aur sensors bhi automatic input dete hain.

Processing: Input ke baad, computer us information ko process karta hai. Yeh process CPU (Central Processing Unit) ke through hota hai. CPU, input se liye gaye data ko instructions ke form mein convert karta hai aur phir unhe execute karta hai.

Storage: Process kiye gaye data aur results ko computer memory mein store karta hai. Yeh temporary aur permanent storage dono ho sakta hai. Temporary storage mein RAM ka use hota hai, jabki permanent storage ke liye hard disk, solid state drive (SSD), aur other storage devices ka use kiya jaata hai.

Output: Process kiye gaye data ko user-friendly format mein output diya jaata hai. Yeh output devices jaise ki monitor, printer, speaker, etc. ke through diya jata hai.

In sabhi steps ke alawa, computers mein bahut saare internal components hote hain jaise ki motherboard, graphics card, sound card, network card, power supply unit, etc. In components ka sahi tareeke se function hona bahut zaroori hota hai taaki computer smoothly kaam kare.

4. Computer Ka Avishkar Kisne Kiya?

Computer ka avishkar bahut saare scientists aur inventors ke saath jude hain, lekin modern digital computer ka credit Charles Babbage ko jaata hai. Charles Babbage, ek British mathematician aur inventor, ne 19th century ke shuru mein "Analytical Engine" naam ka concept develop kiya tha, jo ek programmable mechanical computer tha.

Analytical Engine mein bahut sare features the jo modern computers mein use kiye jaate hain jaise ki punched cards, stored memory, arithmetic logic unit (ALU), etc. Lekin Analytical Engine kabhi build nahi hua tha.

Iske baad, 20th century mein bahut saare scientists aur inventors ne computers ko develop kiya aur unki capabilities aur efficiency ko badhaya. Jaise ki John Atanasoff aur Clifford Berry ne 1937 mein ABC (Atanasoff-Berry Computer) ko develop kiya, jo ek electronic computer tha.

Iske alawa, Alan Turing ne World War II ke time mein ek mechanical computer ka use kiya tha jise "Bombe" naam diya gaya tha aur jo German Enigma code ko crack karne mein help kiya tha.

Phir, 1940s aur 1950s ke beech mein bahut saare computers develop hue jaise ki ENIAC, UNIVAC, EDVAC, aur EDSAC. Aur aaj ke modern computers jaise ki desktops, laptops, smartphones, aur tablets bhi bahut sare scientists aur inventors ke hard work aur dedication ke result mein hain.

5. Computer Ke Mukhye Bhaag Kya Hai?

Computer ke mukhya bhag (components) niche diye gaye hain:

Motherboard: Motherboard, computer ke sabhi components ko connect karne ke liye use kiya jaata hai. Isme CPU, memory, storage, expansion slots, input/output ports, aur other internal components hote hain.

CPU (Central Processing Unit): CPU, computer ka brain hai. Isme calculations, logic operations, aur instructions ke execution ka kaam hota hai. Yeh sabhi instructions ko decode karta hai aur phir unhe execute karta hai.

Memory: Computer ke memory mein temporary aur permanent storage dono hote hain. Temporary storage ke liye RAM ka use kiya jaata hai, jabki permanent storage ke liye hard disk, solid state drive (SSD), aur other storage devices ka use kiya jaata hai.

Storage Devices: Storage devices, computer mein data aur programs ko store karne ke liye use kiye jaate hain. Hard disk, solid state drive (SSD), optical drive (CD/DVD), aur USB drive jaise devices ka use kiya jaata hai.

Input Devices: Input devices, user ke dwara computer ko input dene ke liye use kiye jaate hain. Keyboard, mouse, touchpad, scanner, microphone, aur other devices input devices hote hain.

Output Devices: Output devices, computer ke results aur data ko user-friendly format mein display karne ke liye use kiye jaate hain. Monitor, printer, speaker, aur other devices output devices hote hain.

Power Supply Unit: Power supply unit, computer ke liye power provide karne ke liye use kiya jaata hai. Isme AC power ko DC power mein convert kiya jaata hai jo internal components ke liye use kiya jaata hai.

Ye sabhi components, computer ke sahi tareeke se function karne ke liye bahut zaroori hote hain.

6. Hardware And Software Kya Hai?

Hardware aur software dono hi computer ke important components hote hain.

• Hardware: computer ke physical components ko refer karta hai jaise ki CPU, memory, storage, input/output devices, aur power supply unit. Yeh components computer mein physically installed hote hain aur computer ke function ke liye zaroori hote hain.

• Software: computer ke programs, instructions, aur data ko refer karta hai jise CPU aur other hardware components execute karte hain. Yeh computer ke programs aur applications, operating systems, aur other utilities ke form mein hota hai. Software computer ke hardware ko control karta hai aur computer ke functions aur tasks ko perform karne mein help karta hai.

Hardware aur software dono hi ek dusre ke bina computer ka proper function possible nahi hai. Hardware bina software ke useless hota hai aur software bina hardware ke run nahi kar sakta hai.

7. Computer Ka Upyog 

Computer ka upyog kai tarah se kiya jaata hai. Niche kuch common uses diye gaye hain:

Communication: Computer ka upyog communication ke liye kiya jaata hai. Emails, video conferencing, messaging apps, aur social media platforms jaise tools ka use kiya jaata hai.

Education: Computer education aur learning ke liye bhi use kiya jaata hai. Online courses, educational software, aur digital textbooks ka use kiya jaata hai.

Entertainment: Computer ka upyog entertainment ke liye bhi kiya jaata hai. Music, movies, games, aur other media content ke liye use kiya jaata hai.

Business: Business aur commerce mein bhi computer ka use kiya jaata hai. Accounting, inventory management, billing, customer relationship management (CRM), aur other tasks ke liye computers ka use kiya jaata hai.

Research: Research aur development ke liye bhi computers ka use kiya jaata hai. Scientific simulations, data analysis, aur other tasks ke liye use kiya jaata hai.

Creative Projects: Computer ke use se creative projects bhi kiye jaate hain. Graphic design, video editing, music production, aur other creative fields mein computer ka use kiya jaata hai.

Personal Use: Computers ka use personal tasks ke liye bhi kiya jaata hai. Personal finances, home organization, aur other tasks ke liye bhi use kiya jaata hai.

In sabhi fields mein computers ka use kiya jaata hai aur yeh bahut saare tasks aur responsibilities ko aasaan aur efficient banata hai.

8. Computer Kya Karta Hai?

Computer kai tarah ke kaarye ko perform kar sakta hai. Computer ka kaam mainly instructions aur data ko process karna hota hai, jise CPU aur memory jaise components execute karte hain. Niche diye gaye kuch tasks, jinhe computer kar sakta hai:

Calculation: Computers bahut bade aur complex calculations ko bhi perform kar sakte hain. Scientific calculations, financial calculations, aur other complex math tasks ko computer bade hi asani se solve kar sakta hai.

Data Processing: Computers data processing aur management ke liye use kiye jaate hain. Large databases ko maintain karna, data analysis, aur data entry jaise tasks ko computer bahut hi efficient tareeke se perform kar sakta hai.

Communication: Computers communication ke liye bhi use kiye jaate hain. Emails, video conferencing, instant messaging, aur other communication tools computer ke jariye possible hote hain.

Multimedia: Computers multimedia ka kaam bhi karte hain. Audio, video, aur graphics ko create aur edit karna, games develop karna, aur other multimedia tasks ke liye computers ka use kiya jaata hai.

Automation: Computers automation ke liye bhi use kiye jaate hain. Manufacturing, assembly line tasks, aur other repetitive tasks ko computer automate kar sakta hai.

Internet: Computers internet ke liye bhi use kiye jaate hain. Web browsing, online shopping, aur other online activities ko computer ke jariye kiya jaata hai.

In sabhi kaaryo ko computer asani se perform kar sakta hai. Iske alawa bhi computers bahut saare aur bhi kaarye kar sakte hain, aur yeh unke hardware aur software capabilities par nirbhar karta hai.

9. Computer Ke Kitne Parkar Hai?

Computer ke kai prakar hote hain, lekin yeh mainly do categories mein divide kiye jaa sakte hain:

Analog Computers: Analog computer continuously changing physical quantities ko measure, record, aur process karta hai. Yeh mainly scientific aur engineering tasks ke liye use kiye jaate hain, jaise ki navigation, control systems, aur simulation tasks.

Digital Computers: Digital computer digital data ko process karta hai jaise ki binary form mein. Yeh mainly mathematical aur logical tasks ke liye use kiye jaate hain. Digital computer mein bahut saare sub-categories hote hain:

Personal Computers: Personal computers (PCs) ek single user ke liye design kiye gaye hote hain. Desktops, laptops, aur tablets jaise devices personal computers ki category mein aate hain.

Servers: Servers multiple users ke liye data aur services provide karte hain. Large organizations aur data centers mein servers ka use kiya jaata hai.

Mainframes: Mainframes large scale data processing tasks ke liye use kiye jaate hain. Banking, finance, aur other large scale organizations mein mainframes ka use kiya jaata hai.

Supercomputers: Supercomputers extremely high speed aur complex calculations ke liye use kiye jaate hain. Scientific research, meteorology, aur space exploration jaise fields mein supercomputers ka use kiya jaata hai.

Iske alawa bhi kai aur categories hote hain jaise ki embedded computers, microcomputers, workstation, aur many more. Lekin mainly computer ke do prakar hote hain, analog aur digital computers.

10. Computer Ka Bhavishye 

Computer ka bhavishya bahut hi bright hai, kyunki aaj ke digital age mein computer ka use bahut hi wide range mein ho raha hai. Aane waale samay mein computer ka use aur bhi jyada badhne ki sambhavna hai.

Niche kuch points hain jinse aap computer ka bhavishya samajh sakte hain:

Artificial Intelligence (AI): AI future mein bahut hi important role play karegi, aur computers AI ka use karke bahut saare tasks aur kaam karne mein capable honge. AI ke jariye machines humans se better decisions le sakenge aur inhe humare liye kaam karne mein help kar sakenge.

Internet of Things (IoT): IoT future mein bahut hi important hoga, aur computer IoT devices ko control karne mein capable honge. Home automation, smart cars, aur smart cities jaise concepts mein computer ka use bahut hi important hai.

Quantum Computing: Quantum computing future mein bahut hi important hoga, kyunki iska use bahut hi high speed aur complex calculations ke liye kiya ja sakta hai. Quantum computers scientific research, encryption, aur big data analysis jaise fields mein kaam kar sakte hain.

Robotics: Robotics future mein bahut hi important hoga, aur computer robots ko control aur program karne mein capable honge. Industrial automation, space exploration, aur healthcare jaise fields mein robotics ka use hone wala hai.

Cybersecurity: Cybersecurity ka demand future mein aur bhi badhne ki sambhavna hai, aur computers is field mein bahut hi important role play karenge. Data breaches aur cyber attacks se bachne ke liye computers ka use hone wala hai.

In sabhi factors se saaf hai ki computer ka bhavishya bahut hi bright hai, aur computer technology aur advancements aage badhne ke saath aur bhi interesting aur innovative honge.